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Authors
Zhang, Ludan
Guan, Xin
Xue, Huiqin
Liu, Xiaoya
Zhang, Bo
Liu, Shuang
Ming, Dong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (Grant Nos. 23JCZDJC01030)
Tianjin Education Commission Research Program Project (2022YGZD02)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 81925020)
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Article History
Received: 8 October 2024
Accepted: 23 April 2025
First Online: 30 April 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Children's Hospital (NO. 2021-KY-01). This study was performed in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research involving Humans and the Declaration of Helsinki. The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.
: All facial images presented in the paper are sourced from the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (KDEF) image database, and all images granted permission for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
