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Authors
Mao, Yafei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-8189
Zhao, Rui
Li, Xinyuan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4668-7859
Geng, Yulan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7332-1791
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and Technology Research Programme of the Health Commission of Hebei Province (No. 20231986, No. 20231986, No. 20231986, No. 20231986)
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Article History
Received: 15 January 2024
Accepted: 13 May 2025
First Online: 27 May 2025
Declarations
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: The survey protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Review Board of the National Center for Health Statistics (). The NCHS Research Ethics Review Board reviewed and approved.NHANES, and all survey participants provided written informed consent. Therefore, no further ethical approval and informed consent were required.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
