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Authors
Sun, Shilin
Liu, Min
Liu, Han
Li, Runzhou
Liang, Qun
Quan, Weiwei
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Article History
Received: 1 April 2025
Accepted: 4 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: This study adheres to the ethical guidelines outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The data utilized were sourced from the publicly available, de-identified National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). NHANES follows the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, including obtaining informed consent from participants and ensuring the confidentiality of their data. Since this research involves secondary analysis of NHANES data, no additional ethical approval or consent was required. The study received approval from the Ethics Review Board (ERB) of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
