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Authors
Wang, Nan
Gao, Bin
Stewart, Susan L.
Hoch, Jeffrey S.
Guo, Jing
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Article History
Received: 10 April 2024
Accepted: 18 June 2025
First Online: 10 July 2025
Declarations
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: The HRS has been approved by the University of Michigan Institutional Review Board in the United States (IRB number: HUM0061128). This study used de-identified data and did not need extra ethics approval. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in HRS.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in HRS.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
