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Authors
Bi, Shengxian
Li, Gang
Tan, Huawei
Chen, Yingchun
Guo, Dandan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (YCJJ20242412)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72374076)
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Article History
Received: 11 June 2024
Accepted: 3 July 2025
First Online: 13 August 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) was granted by the Ethical Review Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. Since CHARLS was not an interventional clinical trial, it did not have a Clinical Trial Number.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
