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Authors
Yu, Xiaofan
Li, Ling
Liu, Chang
Ren, Lei
Chen, Xiewan
Li, Kuiliang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Foundation (KJON202203812)
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Article History
Received: 15 April 2025
Accepted: 14 July 2025
First Online: 8 August 2025
Declarations
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: The data used in this study were obtained from a publicly available database. The original survey complied with the Declaration of Helsinki and was officially approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Nanchong Psychosomatic Hospital (Approval No. NCPP 2022002). Before the original survey, legal guardians of all participants provided signed informed consent. This study was granted an exemption after evaluation by the ethics review committee of the first author’s institution. Throughout the research process, strict adherence to data anonymization and privacy protection principles was maintained to ensure compliance with ethical standards.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
