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Authors
Zheng, Guangjun
Zhou, Biying
Fang, Zhenger
Chen, Xia
Liu, Mingliang
He, Fudong
Zhang, Haofeng
Hao, Guang
Zhu, Haidong
Dong, Yanbin
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Article History
Received: 12 June 2024
Accepted: 14 July 2025
First Online: 1 August 2025
Declarations
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: The HRS was approved by the University of Michigan’s Institutional Review Board (HUM00061128) and the CHARLS was approved by the Ethical Review Committee at Peking University (IRB00001052-11015 and IRB00001052-11014). The study was conducted in accordance with the principals for the protection of the rights of study participants as outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
