Noor, Syed Toukir Ahmed https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5111-7055
Islam, Md. Fakrul https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5448-0927
Hossain, Md Sabbir https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7216-0925
Islam, Raisha Binte https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5678-5955
Banik, Rajon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3411-0470
Shiblee, Shafayatul Islam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6594-5441
Nasrullah, Sarker Mohammad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2290-6896
Raza, Sahar https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6028-3107
Funding for this research was provided by:
Department of Foreign Affairs, Trade and Development (DFATD), Canada (SGDE-EDRMS-#9926532)
Article History
Received: 21 March 2025
Accepted: 22 July 2025
First Online: 12 August 2025
Declarations
:
: As this study used publicly available secondary data, which can be accessed upon reasonable request, no Ethics Committee or Institutional Review Board approval was needed. However, surveys involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the icddr, b ERC. Written informed consent to participate was provided by the participants’ legal guardians or next of kin.
: The authors declare no competing interests.