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Article History

Received: 6 December 2024

Accepted: 25 July 2025

First Online: 21 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This research was conducted in strict accordance with ethical guidelines. It received approval from the Shenzhen Kangning Hospital Ethics Committee. Throughout the study, we adhered to fundamental ethical principles, safeguarding the privacy and confidentiality of participants. All personal data were anonymized and handled with the utmost care to prevent any potential harm or discomfort to the subjects. All study procedures were completed by full adherence to ethical guidelines and regulations as per Declaration of Helsinki. This is a retrospective study and qualified for a consent waiver by the Shenzhen Kangning Hospital Ethics Committee. However, for patients who received blue light therapy as part of their clinical care (prior to this research study), standard treatment consent was obtained per hospital protocol. This included: explanation of the therapeutic procedure, discussion of potential benefits and risks, clear communication of the right to decline or withdraw from treatment.

: The authors declare no competing interests.