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Article History

Received: 24 April 2024

Accepted: 1 August 2025

First Online: 23 October 2025

Declarations

:

: All methods and procedures for this study were carried out according to relevant guidelines and regulations. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (REC), Faculty of Nursing/ Port Said University/ Egypt, with trial registration number (NUR 13/3/2022–11) based on the standard of the committee, Faculty of Nursing/ Port Said University and adhered to declaration of Helinski. The study also retrospectively registered under the following number: PACTR202507513786427 on 1 July 2025. An official letter containing the title and the aim of the study was sent from the Dean of the Faculty of Nursing - Port Said University to the director of Port Said Psychiatric Health Hospital and Addiction Treatment to obtain approval from the hospital administrator for data collection in the abovementioned settings. Approval was taken from the General Secretariat of Mental Health and Addiction Treatment to conduct the study. Additionally, informed consent was taken from each participant (caregivers) after clearing out all aspects of the study to be familiar with the importance of their participation. The study did not directly or indirectly expose psychiatric patients’ caregivers to any diagnosis or treatment.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study was retrospectively registered under the following number: PACTR202507513786427 on 1 July 2025.