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Authors
Salarhaji, Azam https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5857-956X
Karimi Moonaghi, Hossein https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0496-2306
Kashani-Lotfabadi, Masoud https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6445-244X
Namdar Areshtanab, Hossein https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1440-6653
Faridhosseini, Farhad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4790-5750
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hossein Karimi Moonaghi
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Article History
Received: 25 April 2025
Accepted: 4 August 2025
First Online: 30 September 2025
Declarations
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: This research forms part of a PhD thesis in nursing, approved by the Ethics Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences under code IR.MUMS.NURSE.REC.1398.090, which is the Internal Review Board (IRB) for this study.Informed consent was obtained from both the participants and their legal guardians, assuring them of their right to withdraw from the study at any time and that their information would remain confidential. The principles of the Helsinki Declaration were adhered to throughout this research.
: The funding source has approved the publication of this article.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
