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Article History

Received: 31 March 2024

Accepted: 8 August 2025

First Online: 30 September 2025

Declarations

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: All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation Medical Research and Ethics Committee, Ministry of Health Malaysia (NMRR-21-157-58261) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. Permission to conduct the study was secured from the Ministry of Education at the national, state, and school levels. Informed consent to participate was obtained from the parents or legal guardians of any participant under the age of 18.This study employed self-administered and anonymous methods to safeguard participants’ privacy, promote truthful responses, and minimize social desirability bias. Maintaining confidentiality encouraged participants to openly address sensitive issues like suicidal ideation, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the data and adhering to ethical research standards.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.