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Authors
Cwik, Jan Christopher https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2290-353X
Spies, Jan https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1196-766X
Kessler, Henrik
Herpertz, Stephan
Woud, Marcella L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4974-505X
Blackwell, Simon E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3313-7084
Willmund, Gerd
Zimmermann, Peter
Koch, Eileen
Bohnacker, Vincent
Klaer, Benjamin
Schnyder, Ulrich https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-7990
Rau, Heinrich
Köhler, Kai
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hochschule Niederrhein
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Article History
Received: 4 March 2024
Accepted: 15 August 2025
First Online: 7 October 2025
Declarations
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: The study received ethical approval from the Ethics Committees of the Faculty of Psychology at the Ruhr-Universität Bochum (reference numbers: 331 and 358). Furthermore, the authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008.
: All authors have agreed to authorship. In addition, all participants agreed to the publication of pseudonymized data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
