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Authors
Kirchner, Heribert
Mangiapane, Sandra
Hu, Emil
Hulsmans, Nik
Brzoska, Patrick
Pajonk, Frank-Gerald Bernhard
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Private Universität Witten/Herdecke gGmbH
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Article History
Received: 9 March 2025
Accepted: 22 August 2025
First Online: 10 September 2025
Declarations
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: Nationwide publicly accessible, anonymized billing data were analyzed. Because of the nature of these data, no approval from an ethics committee was required. The data are comparable to those of the German health reporting system, which are made available for research purposes.
: “Not applicable”.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
