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Authors
Yeung, Chi Ling
Tang, Peiyao
Lewis, Gemma
Lewis, Glyn
Wiles, Nicola
Bone, Jessica K.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute for Health and Care Research (RP-PG-0610-10048, RP-PG-0610-10048, RP-PG-0610-10048, RP-PG-0610-10048, RP-PG-0610-10048, RP-PG-0610-10048)
University College London
University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust
University of Bristol
Economic and Social Research Council
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Article History
Received: 19 October 2023
Accepted: 29 August 2025
First Online: 21 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008. For the PANDA cohort, ethical approval was obtained from NRES Committee South West — Central Bristol and all participants provided written informed consent. For the PANDA RCT, ethical approval was obtained from the National Research Ethics Service Committee, East of England — Cambridge South and all participants provided written informed consent.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
