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Authors
Holla, Bharath
Sharma, Eesha
Venkataramanan, Shradha
Zoya, Syeda
Shankar, Kruthika
Kumar, Amarjeet
Basavaraj, Arshitha
Shankarappa, Bhagyalakshmi
Mahadevan, Jayant
Sreeraj, Vanteemar S.
Meera, Shoba S.
Desai, Geetha
Chakrabarti, Amit
Ghosh, Abhishek
Naik, Shalini
Basu, Debashish
Kartik, Kamakshi
Kalyanram, Kartik
Venkatram, Padmalatha
Raman, Srimathy
Authreya, Ashwini J.
Singh, Senjam Gojendra
Basu, Aniruddha
Setty, Naveen Kikkeri Hanumantha
Nebhinani, Naresh
Khandwal, Onkar Prasad
Singh, Neha
Binu, VS
Viswanath, Biju
Purushottam, Meera
Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan
Bharath, Rose Dawn
Laveti, Ramesh Naidu
Sudarsan, SD
Srikanth, TK
Dinakaran, D.
Kumar, Keshav
Shouche, Yogesh
Mamidi, Raja Sriswan
Dahiya, Neha
Grover, Ashoo
Chandra, Prabha S.
Murthy, Pratima
Benegal, Vivek
,
Agarwal, Shivali
Agrawal, Aarshi
Bannerjee, Mithu
Bharadwaj, Pankaj
Chandran, Diana
Devi, Maisnam Julia
Dhara, Subhasree
Dhruw, Rageshwari
Didel, Siyaram
Dixit, Anshuman
Dolly, Sapam Kiran
Guruprasad, Manjunath
Ganguly, Debosmita
Ghosh, Debarpita
Inamdar, Deepika C.
Jain, Kamlesh
Khera, Pushpinder
Nag, Rajnita
Nameirakpam, Kajal
Panwar, Jyoti
Swathi, Srinivas
Saha, Titli
Samanta, Sanjukta
Sharma, Charu
Singh, Kuldeep
Singh, Pranshu
Singh, Pratibha
Sinh, Shambhavi
Soni, Aashita
Suthar, Navratan
Thirumalappa, Vinoda Raja
Thomas, Christiya Anna
Tiwari, Sarbesh
Tomo, Sojit
Vasara, Hetal
Verma, Nirmal
Yadav, Taruna
Mehta, Urvakhsh Meherwan
Subramaniam, Sarada
Padmanabha, Hansashree
Bharath, Srinivas
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Indian Council of Medical Research (Letter No. 5/8/4-4/193/CNCD/2021-NCD-II, Dated 17.03.2023)
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Article History
Received: 16 September 2025
Accepted: 28 September 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
:
: The PARAM study received clearance from the Institutional Ethics Committees at all participating sites. Participants are recruited after written informed consent or assent, as applicable. In the case of minors (<18 years of age), informed consent is taken from the legal guardian (usually parents) and assent from the child/adolescent. Consent for being contacted for follow-up is taken at the time of baseline recruitment. Consent will be taken again before initiating follow-up assessments. Participants indicate their willingness for the various assessments (e.g. questionnaires, neuroimaging, each biological sample, etc.), individually, on the consent forms. Each participant recruited into the study is assigned a unique study identification number. All study data is thereby delinked from any personal identifying information. If any medical/psychosocial concerns are identified in a participant, appropriate referrals are arranged after discussion with the participant/legal guardian. All MRI scans conducted as part of the study are reviewed by a neuroradiologist. The reports are handed over to the participants/legal guardians and, when needed, appropriate neurological/neurosurgical referrals made.
: Not applicable
: The authors declare no competing interests.
