Lyu, Nan
Zhao, Qian
Liu, Dannong
Zhou, Jingjing
Zhu, Xuequan
Qi, Han
Wang, Han
Liu, Min
Wei, Mengping
Zhang, Chen
Zhang, Ling
Yang, Jian
Wang, Gang
Juruena, Mario
Young, Allan H
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82101600)
Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals Incubating Program (Code: PX2022076)
Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. J230011)
Beijing Hospitals Authority’s Ascent Plan (Code: DFL20241901)
Sci-Tech Innovation 2030 - Major Project of Brain science and brain-inspired intelligence technology (No. 2021ZD0200600)
Article History
Received: 30 July 2025
Accepted: 1 October 2025
First Online: 28 October 2025
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Beijing Anding Hospital (Approval No. 2022-24-202256FS-2). Blood samples used in this study were obtained from participants enrolled in previously approved cohort studies. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants at the time of sample collection. In addition, participants were re-informed about the purpose of this study prior to their inclusion.All participants provided written informed consent and were informed again before inclusion in this study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors report no conflicts of interest in relation to this work. AHY is funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London. Grant funding (past and present): NIMH (USA); CIHR (Canada); NARSAD (USA); Stanley Medical Research Institute (USA); MRC (UK); Wellcome Trust (UK); Royal College of Physicians (Edinburgh); BMA (UK); UBC-VGH Foundation (Canada); WEDC (Canada); CCS Depression Research Fund (Canada); MSFHR (Canada); NIHR (UK). Janssen (UK) EU Horizon 2020. MJ is funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London. Grant funding (past and present): NARSAD (USA); MRC (UK); Wellcome Trust (UK); Royal Society(UK); Academy of Medical Sciences (UK); NIHR (UK). Janssen (UK), EU Horizon, UNESCO (France), WHO(Switzerland), Advisory board to CNPq, CAPES, FAPESP (Brazil), Dutch Foundation (NL), Swiss NC(Switzerland), UKRI (UK), NICE(UK), MRC(UK), and NIHR-UK. MJ has received honoraria for speaking engagements from Lundbeck, Janssen, Takeda, Bial, Artmed, and EMS, as well as honoraria for consulting from Janssen and Neurocentrx, within the last year. MFJ receives copyrights from Nature/Springer Books, Cambridge Press and Elsevier Press and has a patent about the indication and use of Oral Ketamine.