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Article History

Received: 27 June 2025

Accepted: 17 October 2025

First Online: 17 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1975 and its 2024 amendments) to ensure the highest ethical standards for research involving human participants. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional review board at CHINTA Research Bangladesh [Ref: CHINTA/2024/04–05] prior to data collection. Prior to participation, all potential participants were provided with detailed verbal and written information regarding the study’s objectives, procedures, potential risks and benefits, the voluntary nature of participation, and assurances of data confidentiality. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant before data collection, and participants were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any time without any negative consequences. All data were anonymized and stored securely to ensure confidentiality, and only authorized research staff had access to the information. Permission was also secured from the administration of each participating hospital or institution prior to recruitment.

: This study participation required informed written consent from the participants.

: The authors declare no competing interests.