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Article History

Received: 2 June 2025

Accepted: 28 October 2025

First Online: 5 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was submitted to and approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Würzburg (24 March 2021; reference number 249/20) and retrospectively registered with the German Clinical Trials Registry (24 November 2022; study number DRKS00028866). Informed consent was obtained from all parents and children aged 14 years and older before study participation.

: Not applicable.

: PH lists the following research grants and contracts with organizations and institutions for the past 36 months: German Ministry of Research and Education; European Union; German Parkinson Society; University Hospital Würzburg; German Heart Foundation; Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) within the Innovation Fund; German Research Foundation; Bavarian State; German Cancer Aid; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin (within Mondafis; supported by an unrestricted research grant to the Charité from Bayer); University Göttingen (within FIND-AF randomized; supported by an unrestricted research grant to the University Göttingen from Boehringer-Ingelheim); University Hospital Heidelberg (within RASUNOA-prime; supported by an unrestricted research grant to the University Hospital Heidelberg from Bayer, BMS, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo). MR is a board member of the national self-help organization ADHS Deutschland e.V. All other authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.