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Authors
Belvederi Murri, Martino
Sciavicco, Guido
Specchia, Michele
Marozzi, Marco
Muscettola, Angela
Zaccagnino, Barbara
Kalcev, Goce
Atzeni, Michela
Madeddu, Clelia
Sancassiani, Federica
Carta, Mauro Giovanni
Nanni, Maria Giulia
Caruso, Rosangela
Grassi, Luigi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Italian Ministry of Health (PNRR-MAD-2022-12375899)
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Article History
Received: 4 December 2024
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 19 November 2025
Declarations
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: The SHARE project has received ethical approval from the Ethics Council of the Max Planck Society (latest approval 8 June 2021, covering Waves 4–9), and previously from the Ethics Committee of the University of Mannheim (decisions 13 December 2004, 16 December 2008, 28 June 2010). Ethical reviews were also obtained in each participating country. All participants provided written informed consent. Our analyses used only anonymized, publicly available SHARE data.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
