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Authors
Wu, Shi-Nan
Liu, Rongqiang
Chen, Lin
Wang, Shao-Pan
Chen, Xiao-Dong
Qin, Dan-Yi
Yan, Bing
Guo, Shu-Jia
Huang, Cai-Hong
Hu, Jiaoyue
Liu, Zuguo
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Article History
Received: 12 June 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 28 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study used publicly available, de-identified data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database. Ethical approval and informed consent were not required. The analyses adhered to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
