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Article History

Received: 20 September 2025

Accepted: 6 November 2025

First Online: 11 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors assert that all procedures involving human subjects/patients adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki, and were approved by the Ethics Committee of Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University (approval number: 2025008), and each participating subject had signed a written informed consent form. For minors, written informed consent was obtained from their legal guardians.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.