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The efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on anxiety, depression, and sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07644-z

Published Online: 2025-11-27

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Zhang, Jialin

Zhu, Linqing

Meng, Qing

Wang, Zuxing

Zhu, Hongru
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

National Science Foundation of China (82171513)

Clinical Research Innovation Project from West China Hospital, Sichuan University (2019HXCX03)
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-11-27

Version of Record valid from 2025-12-30
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Article History

Received: 17 May 2025

Accepted: 17 November 2025

First Online: 27 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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