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Authors
Zheng, Doudou
Wang, Shijian
Li, Jingya
Kong, Linghua
Zhao, Lin
Yang, Ying
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shandong Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project (M20243303)
Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Shandong Provincial Health Commission (202303090513)
Medical Health Science and Technology Project of Shandong Provincial Health Commission (202303090348)
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Article History
Received: 22 July 2025
Accepted: 2 December 2025
First Online: 27 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was executed in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the Ethics Committee of Shandong University (approval number: 2024-R-156). Participation in the study was completely voluntary, and no financial or material compensation was provided. All participants gave informed consent prior to completing the questionnaires and interviews.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
