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Authors
Qi, Dan
Sun, Wenjie
Li, Meijuan
Li, Tongxin
Ma, Jing
Liu, Di
Li, Minghui
Lu, Chenghao
Wang, Xinxu
Dong, Yeqing
Li, Shaobing
Li, Yanzhe
Li, Jie
Li, Shen
Liu, Nannan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62027812)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82371512)
Foundation of Tianjin Health Commission for Young Scholars (TJWJ2021QN064)
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Article History
Received: 6 November 2025
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 25 December 2025
Declarations
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: All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All data were de-identified and encrypted to ensure patient privacy and data security throughout transmission, management, and analysis. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Tianjin Anding Hospital, and informed consent was waived due to the de-identified nature of the dataset.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
