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Authors
Cavanagh, Daniel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3300-2243
Hart, Laura M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5894-4520
Basden, Shawnee
Reavley, Nicola https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5513-8291
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Durhager Family Programme Fund
Uplands Discretionary Trust
University of Melbourne (Research Training Program Scholarship)
Veski (Research Fellowship)
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Article History
Received: 24 August 2024
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 12 January 2026
Declarations
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: Approval for the study was obtained from the University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee (ID: 23177) and the Bermuda Hospitals Board Institutional Review Board, in accordance with the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research. The study used opt-out parental consent whereby parents/guardians were considered to have consented to their child participating in the study unless they returned a form to their child’s school indicating they did not want to participate. An extensive information campaign involving staff, parent and student information sessions, as well as posts in school newsletters, newspaper publications and radio interviews were conducted by the research team to ensure parents/guardians were aware of the research and the opportunity to opt their child out of the study. Student assent was also obtained prior to participation by having students indicate their willingness to participate on the landing page of the survey.
: Not applicable.
: SB is an employee of the Bermuda Hospitals Board. DC is an employee at one of the schools in Bermuda. LMH is a (volunteer) Board Director of the not-for-profit Embrace Collective.
