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Authors
Alfadul, Esraa S. A.
Alrawa, Salma S.
Tebaig, Badria
Molodynski, Andrew
Osman, Abdelgadir Hussein M.
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Article History
Received: 30 October 2023
Accepted: 20 January 2026
First Online: 31 January 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the University of Gezira, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sector Ethical Review Committee (IRB no: 16–23). The study was performed in line with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. No personally identifiable information was collected, responses were anonymous, and data were stored securely with restricted access.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
