Document is current

Article History

Received: 24 November 2025

Accepted: 27 January 2026

First Online: 21 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines for approval of an ethics committee opinion. Ethical approval for this research was gained from the Ethical and Research Committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Menoufia University (approval number: 1000/7/5/108/25). Official permission was attained from the hospital director to run the study after clarifying the purpose of the study. The study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits were explained to participants, and informed consent was gained before their involvement. Anonymity and confidentiality of the subjects’ data (use code for patient name, all data stored in a safe location and only shared with authorized personnel). Also, the participants were informed that participation in this study is voluntary; they have the right to choose to participate in the study and the right to withdraw from the study at any time.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.