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Authors
Raeis Al Mohaddesin, Faezeh
Moghimi, Ali
Kobravi, Hamidreza
Yaghoubian, Elahe
Salehi Fadardi, Javad
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cognitive Sciences and Technologies Council (11939)
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (11939)
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Article History
Received: 29 November 2025
Accepted: 23 February 2026
First Online: 6 April 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the ethics committee of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad on 30th October 2021 (ID: IR.UM.REC.1400.350). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, and all participants provided written informed consent prior to participation.
: Not applicable.
: Patients and members of the public were not involved in the overall design, conduct, or dissemination planning of this trial. A group of individuals with lived experience of the target condition, who were not enrolled as study participants, contributed only to the selection and preliminary appraisal of pictorial stimuli used in the study tasks. Their involvement was limited to identifying images they perceived as disgusting.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
