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Authors
Zhu, Yuanpeng
Liu, Di
Yin, Xiangjie
Zhang, Terry Jianguo
Wu, Nan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2021-I2M-1-051)
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Article History
Received: 12 November 2025
Accepted: 28 February 2026
First Online: 11 March 2026
Declarations
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: All participants provided written informed consent, and ethical approval was secured from the North West Multi-Centre Research Ethics Committee (REC reference: 11/NW/0382) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was conducted in accordance with the UK Biobank’s protocol (application number 532823).
: The data used to generate the results in this study were obtained from UK biobank ( ).
: The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
