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Article History

Received: 6 December 2024

Accepted: 9 March 2026

First Online: 20 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments. A waiver of HIPAA authorisation was obtained prior to study conduct and covers data originating from all sites represented. This study involves human participants but The NeuroBlu platform has received a waiver of authorisation for analysis of deidentified healthcare data from the Western-Copernicus Group (WCG) Institutional Review Board. Approval was granted by the WCG Institutional Review Board (The Holmusk Real-World Evidence Parent Protocol; IRB registration number 1-1470336-1; Protocol ID HolmuskRWE_1.0).

: Not applicable.

: CW and JBD are employees of Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. SSR is an employee of Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH. EOCP, JY, MO, KG, and BC are employees of Holmusk Technologies Inc. RP has received grant funding from the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR301690), the Medical Research Council (MR/S003118/1), the Academy of Medical Sciences (SGL015/1020) and Janssen, and consulting fees from Holmusk, Akrivia Health, Columbia Data Analytics, Clinilabs, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Teva, and Otsuka.