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Authors
Wei, You-Dan
Ren, Li-Shan
Zhang, Jun-Hang
Cai, Ming-Jian
Ma, Cai-E
Song, Ming-Fen
Xu, You
Yang, Li-Li
Mao, Hong-Jing
Liu, Wen-Juan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Zhejiang Province's 'Pioneer' and 'Leader' Science and Technology Support Projects and East-West Cooperation Projects (2024C04024)
Hangzhou Medical and Health Science and Technology Project. (A20210156)
The Construction Fund of Key Medical Disciplines of Hangzhou (2025HZZD15)
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Article History
Received: 2 November 2025
Accepted: 10 March 2026
First Online: 18 March 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board/Ethics Committee of Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital (Approval Number: 2024-044) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and applicable national/international ethical guidelines. The ethics committee waived the requirement for informed consent due to the retrospective nature of the study. All data collection, processing, and analysis procedures strictly adhered to institutional regulatory requirements and the CIOMS International Ethical Guidelines for Health-related Research Involving Humans.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
