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Article History

Received: 10 August 2025

Accepted: 8 April 2026

First Online: 21 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval was obtained from the Human Research and Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Approval No: 2020–97-2). Written informed consent was obtained from all adolescent participants and their legal guardians prior to participation.

: This manuscript contains no identifiable individual data. Therefore, additional consent for publication beyond that obtained for participation was not required.

: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used ChatGPT-4 in order to enhance clarity, academic tone, and grammatical accuracy. After using this tool, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.