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Article History

Received: 30 January 2026

Accepted: 8 April 2026

First Online: 22 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was granted by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University (granted number: (2024) Scientific Research No. (411) − 202521FS-2) and is in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. For quantitative phase, since there is no direct contact with patients, no involvement of patient privacy, and no reports provided to patients, an application for waiver of informed consent has been summited to the ethics committee and has been approved. For qualitative phase, all participants voluntarily participated in the interviews and were informed of the purpose, procedures, and relevant considerations prior to the sessions. Informed consent forms were signed by all participants under full understanding and agreement.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.