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Article History

Received: 30 June 2025

Accepted: 27 April 2026

First Online: 14 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The Research Ethics Review Committee of Meiji Pharmaceutical University approved this study on June 27, 2024 (registration number: 202408). As the data used in this study were unlinked and anonymous, informed consent was not needed. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: Ken Inada has received personal fees from the following companies over the past three years: EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Viatris Pharmaceuticals Japan Inc., Eisai Co., Ltd., MSD K.K., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co., Kowa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Limited., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation., Nipro Corporation, Nippon Chemiphar Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Inc., Nexera Pharma K.K., Novartis Pharma K.K., Nobelpharma Co., Ltd., Pfizer Japan Inc., Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd., Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Lundbeck Japan K.K., and Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd. Manabu Akazawa has received speaker honoraria and consultancy fees from Astellas Pharma Inc., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Merck & Co., Ltd. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.