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Article History

Received: 10 February 2026

Accepted: 29 April 2026

First Online: 12 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Prior to enrollment, all participants demonstrated a comprehensive understanding of the study procedures and provided written informed consent. All participants were aged 16 years or older. For participants aged 16 years, written informed consent was obtained from both the participants themselves and their parents or legal guardians. For participants older than 16 years, parental or legal guardian consent was not required. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (ethical approval number: AF/SC-02/02.1) and was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the 2013 revision of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.