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Authors
Li, Xinru
Shi, Lei
Xiao, Shujuan
Xue, Benli
Yang, Lingli
Zheng, Xiao
Zhang, Xinyi
Zhang, Mengjie
Liao, Yanming
Zhang, Chichen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72274091)
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Article History
Received: 2 September 2024
Accepted: 20 May 2026
First Online: 3 June 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for all the CHARLS waves was granted by the Institutional Review Board at Peking University. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The IRB approval number for the main household survey, including anthropometrics, is IRB00001052-11015.
: During the fieldwork, each respondent who agreed to participate in the survey was asked to sign two informed consent forms. One copy was kept by the respondent and the other was kept in the CHARLS office and scanned in PDF format.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
