Document is current

Article History

Received: 27 April 2025

Accepted: 13 July 2026

First Online: 24 July 2026

Declarations

: The submitted article is an original research article. The research has not been previously published and has not been submitted to any journal for simultaneous evaluation.

: Potential participants were informed about the purpose of the study, and written informed consent was obtained from those who volunteered for the study. The researchers provided the necessary conditions for the privacy and confidentiality of the participants.

Ethics approval and consent to participate: This research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University (Approval Date and Number: 05.01.2021–2021/01). In addition, permission to conduct the study was granted by the Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University Hospital for Health Practice and Research, where the study was conducted (Date and Number: 08.06.2021–E-39633678-300-46165). The study was registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov database under the identifier NCT05068765.

Consent for publication: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (including individual details, images, or videos).

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.