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Authors
Zhang, Fan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9028-6185
Li, Wenjian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7650-8842
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and Technology Project of Changzhou (CJ20243023)
Science and Technology Project of Changzhou (CJ20253108)
Key Talents Project of Changzhou Third People's Hospital
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Article History
Received: 23 April 2025
Accepted: 27 July 2026
First Online: 31 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The studies involving humans were approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Ethics Review Board. The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. The study adhered strictly to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. As NHANES is a publicly accessible database, the Changzhou Third People’s Hospital Ethics Committee granted approval to waive ethical review and approved the study protocol (02A-A2024018).
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
