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Article History

Received: 20 February 2026

Accepted: 13 August 2026

First Online: 22 August 2026

Declarations

Ethical approval and consent to participate: This research was conducted as part of a project approved under Ethical Code IR.SBMU.RETECH.REC.1401.433 by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. All ethical considerations, along with the study’s objectives and stages were clearly explained to the participants. All the participants were informed that they may withdraw from the study at any stage without providing any justification, and they were offered access to the study results should they wish to obtain them.

Publication consent: Since no individual detail is presented in this report, such a consent is not applicable to this study.

Consent to participate: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Use of artificial intelligence for language editing: Artificial intelligence (GPT‑5.2) was used solely for English language editing, including grammar and stylistic improvements. The scientific content and interpretations remain the responsibility of the authors.

Statement of submission: The authors affirm that this manuscript has not been submitted, either in full or in part, to any other journal before its consideration by the BMC Psychiatry Journal and will not be submitted to any other outlet prior to its publication in the BMC Psychiatry . The authors are fully responsible for ensuring that the manuscript has been carefully reviewed and edited for language and grammar before submission.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.