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Article History

Received: 14 December 2017

Accepted: 5 October 2018

First Online: 20 October 2018

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.Rutgers University-New Brunswick Institutional Review Board (IRB) has approved NJ Safe Schools Program (NJSS) incident surveillance and training-related evaluation activities as exempt research since they are based on various State of New Jersey (NJ) laws (IRB #021997 W0383). Data used in this study are either: openly available via NJ Department of Education (NJDOE), i.e., per-pupil spending data through local and county (districts or schools) and state (NJDOE) websites; or, injury data in de-identified form can be available via NJSS upon a formal written request approved by NJDOE. Our study obtained the necessary administrative permissions by the NJDOE to analyze these data, which are reported by State of NJ law directly to NJSS, as a grantee of NJDOE, or directly to NJDOE by the school districts and their secondary schools.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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