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Article History

Received: 22 October 2018

Accepted: 13 February 2019

First Online: 21 February 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The Pennington Biomedical Research Center Institutional Review Board approved the ISCOLE protocol with Ethical Review Boards at each site approving local protocols (Australia: University of South Australia Human Research Ethics Committee; Brazil: The Research Ethics Committee (REC) of the Municipal Health of Sao Caetano do Sul – Prima; Canada: Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Ethics Board; China Biomedical Ethics Committee of Tianjin Women’s and Children’s Health Center; Colombia: Universidad de los Andes Committee on Research Ethics; Finland: The Ethics Committee of the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa; India: St. John’s Medical College & Hospital Institutional Ethical Review Board; Kenya: Kenyatta University Ethics Review Committee; Portugal: Ethics Committee University of Porto; South Africa: University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences Human Research Ethics Committee; U.K: University of Bath Research Ethics Committee for Health; U.S: Pennington Biomedical Research Center Institutional Review Board for Research with Human Subjects). Written informed consent was obtained from parents or legal guardians, and child assent was obtained as required by local Ethical Review Boards before participation in the study.

: Not applicable.

: Dr. Fogelholm has received a research grant from Fazer Finland. Dr. Kurpad is a member of the Advisory Board of McCain Foods. Dr. Matsudo is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Actigraph. Gang Hu is a member of the editorial board for BMC Public Health. The authors report no other potential competing interests.

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