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Article History

Received: 12 December 2018

Accepted: 18 March 2019

First Online: 29 March 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Data from Osiris, the national registry for notifiable diseases at the RIVM, are anonymously collected as a legal obligation enforced by the Dutch public health act and International Health Regulations by the World Health Organisation and can be used for surveillance research. The ATHENA cohort was approved by the institutional board from all participating HIV treatment centres and patient consent is received by opting out. Data are pseudonymised and may be used for scientific purposes. The Praeventis pregnancy screening data are collected based on patient informed consent, and anonymised when used for research purposes. Data from Perined and the IDS laboratory were received as aggregated data. Additional approval by an ethical committee was for this study not necessary according to the Dutch Medical Research (involving Human Subjects) Act, as the study used only previously collected data (Wet medisch-wetenschappelijk onderzoek met mensen, 1998 §1 artikel 1).

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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