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Article History

Received: 20 April 2019

Accepted: 21 May 2019

First Online: 11 July 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: We received an ethical clearance (REC-241112-035) from the University of Johannesburg, Faculty of Health Sciences’ Research Ethics Committee and academic merits from the Higher Degree Committee. Furthermore, permission from the Gauteng Department of Social Development reference no 2/9/05 has been granted. The researchers requested parental or legal guardian consent (from parents of males under the age of 17) prior to the commencement of the study. Thereafter, the researchers invited participants to a private room/venue and address them in the absence of their parents and legal guardians to inform them about the aims and objectives of the study, their right of refusal to take part in or withdraw from the study at any time, without any punitive action or requirement to provide reasons, and their participation will not affect parole and correctional programming decisions. Furthermore, participants under the age of 17 gave assent and males over 18 years gave consent to participating in the study. Those who will turn 18 during the study will be required to give consent again. Where consent was given by the parent or legal guardian but not by the relevant participant and vice versa, the participants were not approach or included in the study. Participation in the study was anonymous (numbers will be allocated to the participants for identification). The researchers treat all information (including the database of the participants from the facilities) collected confidentially. Only the researcher and the supervisors have access to the secure information collected. The biostatistician was given a password to assess the data, which will expire once the analysis is completed. Data collected shall not be made available to anyone, and will be used for research purposes only.

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: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.