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Authors
Oshio, Takashi http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8142-5585
Kan, Mari
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (17H00991, 18K01657)
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Article History
Received: 27 January 2019
Accepted: 17 June 2019
First Online: 1 July 2019
Ethics approval and consent to participate
: Data that were obtained from the Longitudinal Survey of Middle-Aged and Older Adults, a 12-wave panel survey, conducted by the Japanese MHLW each year between 2005 and 2016, were used. This survey was approved by Japan’s Statistics Act, which required that it be reviewed from statistical, legal, ethical, and other viewpoints. Survey data were obtained from the MHLW, with its official permission. Therefore, the current study did not require ethical approval. The need for written consent was waived, in line with the Statistics Act.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
