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Article History

Received: 30 April 2019

Accepted: 13 August 2019

First Online: 2 September 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The study was reviewed by and received ethics clearance from a University of Waterloo Research Ethics Committee (ORE# 21460) prior to data collection. The Office of Research Ethics at the University of Waterloo did not require additional ethics approval for each of the countries included in the study. Members of the research team in each country also confirmed that no additional ethics approval was required.Anonymised data was provided to the authors on this manuscript located in Australia for the purposes of analysis of secondary data. The Deakin University Human Research Ethics Committee provided an ethics exemption (2018–082) for the data analysis on the basis that the Australian researchers were only accessing pre-existing, non-identifiable data.Formal written consent (i.e., with a signature) was not feasible given the study was conducted as an online survey with respondents from a commercial participant panel. Participants provided consent by selecting ‘yes’ or ‘no’ to the question ‘Based on the information you received, do you agree to take part in this research study being conducted by Professor David Hammond of the University of Waterloo?’, with the survey only continuing for those who responded ‘yes’. Participants were able to exit the survey at any point.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.