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Article History

Received: 7 May 2019

Accepted: 16 April 2020

First Online: 30 April 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Ethics approval for this study was obtained from the University of Melbourne’s Human Research Ethics Committee (#1749949.1). The research was therefore performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.

: Not applicable.

: KH is the founder of Community-Minded Psychological Services, a private practice for people from immigrant, asylum seeking and refugee backgrounds in Melbourne, Australia, which has received funding from the Australian government to provide psychological support to asylum seekers. GC is employed at the Victoria Foundation for Survivors of Torture (Foundation House), an organisation which receives funding from the Australian government to provide psychological assistance to asylum seekers, including those in immigration detention. GC has been contracted by the Australian government’s Department of Home Affairs to provide training in relation to the psychological aspects of refugee status determination. KH has been contracted by the Australian government’s Department of Home Affairs to conduct independent mental health assessments and write psychological reports for the purposes of refugee status determination for asylum seekers who have been detained in offshore detention. This research was conducted in their personal capacity, however, and the views expressed here are their own, and those of their co-authors. RB and GA declare that they have no conflicts of interest.