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Article History

Received: 3 February 2020

Accepted: 4 June 2020

First Online: 12 June 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: UK Seroepidemiology Unit (SEU) sample analysis was covered by SEU ethical approvals which include consent for use in research (reference 05/Q0505/45); analysis of the EBV seronegative cohort was covered by internal ethical approval from VU University, Amsterdam. Primary and secondary care data analysis was performed on fully anonymised unlinked records and separate ethical approvals and additional consent were not required.

: Not applicable.

: RD: Honoraria for speaking or other educational activities: Biogen, Merck, Teva. Support to attend educational meeting: Sanofi, Biogen, Teva. Honoraria for advisory board: Merck, Biogen. Research support: Biogen, Merck, Celgene.JM is CEO at Cyto-Barr BV.GG: I have received research grant support from Bayer-Schering Healthcare, Biogen-Idec, GW Pharma, Merck, Merck-Serono, Merz, Novartis, Teva and Sanofi-Aventis. I have also received personal compensation for participating on Advisory Boards in relation to clinical trial design, trial steering committees and data and safety monitoring committees from: Abbvie, Bayer-Schering Healthcare, Biogen-Idec, Canbex, Eisai, Elan, Fiveprime, Genzyme, Genentech, GSK, Ironwood, Merck, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Synthon BV, Teva, UCB Pharma and Vertex Pharmaceuticals.JP: Served on an advisory board for Merck Serono. Associate Editor of BMC Public Health.BJ, NV, AK: none.