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Article History

Received: 16 August 2019

Accepted: 17 September 2020

First Online: 1 October 2020

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The study protocol was approved by the University of Zambia Biomedical Research Ethics Committee (UNZABREC: 005–11-14) and by the Regional Ethical Committee of Western Norway (REK-West: 2014/1617). All study participants consented to participate in the research and were informed about the content of the study and the principles of voluntary participation, anonymity, confidentiality and the right to withdraw from the study. For girls between 13 and 16 years of age, consent from parents and assent from the girls were obtained. Written consent / assent was obtained from all categories of study participants.

: All co-authors have read the final draft and have consented to publication. No identifying images, or other personal or clinical details which may compromise the anonymity of study participants were presented in the paper.

: The authors declare no competing interests.