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Article History

Received: 3 April 2020

Accepted: 4 January 2021

First Online: 3 February 2021

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Approval for the MAVAN project was obtained from obstetricians who performed deliveries at the study hospitals and by the ethics committees and university affiliates (McGill University and Université de Montréal, the Royal Victoria Hospital, Jewish General Hospital, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, and Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemount) and St Joseph Hospital and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Verbal consent was obtained from parents or guardians for all BtS participants at the time of the first data collection and written consent for follow up assessments. Verbal consent was selected given the method used for the first data collection (phone recruitment followed by interview). Ethical approval for all aspects of the BtS study (including verbal consent) was obtained from McGill University’s Institutional Research Board. In both studies, parents or legal guardians provided consent for their children.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declared that they had no conflicts of interest with respect to their authorship or the publication of this article.